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Introduction In a landmark move effective from 31 July 2025 , the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has mandated that all SEBI-regulated entities must ensure their digital platforms are accessible to persons with disabilities. This directive stems from a Supreme Court ruling that recognised digital access as part of fundamental rights, compelling SEBI to operationalise inclusion i…
Introduction On [date of regulation or effective date], the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) incorporated a “purpose and effect” test into the definition of related party transactions (RPTs) under its Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements (LODR). The change permits SEBI to treat a transaction with an independent counterparty as an RPT if its purpose or effect is to b…
Introduction In a significant regulatory reprieve, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has extended the timeline for implementing its retail algorithmic trading framework, now setting full compliance by April 2026 . The decision, announced late September 2025, grants stock brokers and exchanges additional bandwidth to upgrade systems, register algorithms, and set up risk pro…
Introduction In a major regulatory overhaul announced in September 2025, SEBI has issued a new circular allowing Category I and II Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) to host co-investment vehicles (CIVs) under the AIF umbrella, replacing the erstwhile reliance on PMS (Portfolio Management Services) channels. This change, effective immediately, is intended to simplify compliance, align inv…
Introduction In a sweeping new Investor Survey 2025 , the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has revealed that around 80% of Indian households prioritize capital preservation over potentially higher returns. The survey, encompassing over 90,000 households across 400 cities and 1,000 villages, casts a revealing light on risk tolerance, financial inclusion, and investor behaviour…
Introduction In a significant move to bolster investor protection, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) on 1 October 2025 officially launched “Validated UPI Handles” and the “SEBI Check” verification tool. Under this framework, all SEBI-registered, investor-facing intermediaries must adopt standardized UPI IDs (ending with “@valid”) to receive payments. Through SEBI Check , in…
Introduction A recent analysis of IRDAI filings and corporate disclosures reveals that some Indian banks are earning as much as 100% of their insurance commissions from the sale of products issued by related-party insurers . This trend has sparked major debate over conflicts of interest , mis-selling risks , and potential regulatory gaps. The revelations come in 2025 amid a backdrop of growi…
Introduction Mis-selling of financial products has surfaced again as a pressing consumer protection concern in India. In mid-2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) publicly announced it is considering tighter rules to curb instances where banks and intermediaries push unsuitable insurance, investment, or loan-linked products on unsuspecting clients. This issue matters because many retail inv…
Introduction In finance, economics, and statistics, understanding how decisions are made based on past experiences is crucial. The term “A Posteriori” is central to this analysis, reflecting knowledge derived from empirical evidence rather than pure reasoning. Essentially, it is a method of learning or decision-making that relies on actual observations, data, or experience, rather than theor…
Introduction Financial mis-selling has become a pressing issue worldwide, as regulators and courts sharpen their focus on unfair sales practices in banking, insurance, and investment. In recent months, several landmark rulings and regulatory proposals have put the spotlight on how consumers are sold financial products that may not suit their needs. This guide presents a step-by-step method to…
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